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Highlights:
Many participants reported getting insufficient (24.1%) or excessive (20.7%) sleep. The effects of delayed sleep onset and insufficient or excessive sleep were most pronounced in adults aged 40-59.
A study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that going to bed late and having too little or too much sleep increases the risk of high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome.
“Mounting evidence now links altered sleep patterns to poor cardiometabolic health,” Hu Pei-rong, MD, PhD, of the Department of Pediatrics and Shanghai Institute of Pediatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and her colleagues wrote. “The aim of this study was to investigate the independent and joint associations of sleep onset time and sleep duration with cardiometabolic health.”
Going to bed late and sleeping too little or too long increases the risk of high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome. Image: Adobe Stock.
The study included data from 6,696 adults aged 20 to 80 years (49.2% men) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to 2018.
The researchers categorized participants by their sleep onset time and duration: before 10 pm was considered early, between 10 pm and 11:59 pm was considered optimal, and after midnight was considered late. Furthermore, less than seven hours of sleep was considered insufficient, seven to eight hours was considered adequate, and more than nine hours was considered excessive.
The researchers tracked cardiometabolic outcomes, including blood pressure, triglyceride levels, HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose levels, and waist circumference.
A quarter of participants (24.1%) reported not getting enough sleep, 20.7% reported sleeping too long, 19.8% reported early sleep onset, and 25.7% reported late sleep onset.
Going to bed too early or too late and getting too little or too much sleep increased the risk of hypertension, triglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome, with the effects most pronounced in participants aged 40-59 years.
Men aged 40 to 59 years who had optimal sleep onset times but too long sleep duration had higher odds of developing metabolic syndrome compared with men with optimal sleep onset times and sufficient sleep duration (odds ratio 2.01, 95% confidence interval 1.12-3.58), as did men with late sleep onset times and insufficient sleep duration (odds ratio 1.74, 95% confidence interval 1.13-2.68).
Women aged 40 to 59 years had a higher risk of hypertension than women with optimal sleep onset and sufficient sleep duration due to suboptimal sleep onset and insufficient sleep duration (OR = 1.61, 95% CI, 1.11-2.32) or early sleep onset and long sleep duration (OR = 2.16, 95% CI, 1.3-3.57). Women aged 40 to 59 years who reported late sleep onset and long sleep duration had the highest odds of developing hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 5.64, 95% CI, 1.28-6.77).
“Our study provides evidence that late sleep onset time and insufficient or too long sleep duration are associated with increased odds of cardiometabolic health outcomes, especially in participants aged 40 to 59 years,” the researchers wrote. “Furthermore, the combination of late sleep onset time and too long sleep duration was associated with the highest incidence of outcomes. Our findings encourage the adoption of healthy sleep habits to prevent the development of cardiometabolic health outcomes.”
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